Coastal Hazards

Coastal Hazards: are physical phenomena that expose a coastal area to risk of property damage, loss of life and environmental degradation. 

Coastal Hazards in Egypt

"The Egyptian Mediterranean coast was examined for the vulnerability to sea-level rise using the coastal vulnerability index (CVI), which was derived from the geological and physical characteristics of the coast." From what I read on this website, it says that although the coast is under low tide and low height tide waves that is still had the potentially to have severe coastal high tide, leaving tons of people in danger. The Egyptian coastlines extend from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea. "The coastal zones of Egypt faces many problems, such as shoreline erosion, deterioration of coastal lagoons, excessive land use, pollution from oil industry and transport, and the anticipated sea-level rise." Even though it isn't happening at this very moment, Egypt does have the potential to have rising sea levels that could be very dangerous. This map shows how it has changed so much over the years. There has also been a lot of coastal erosion from 1968 on the tip of the Nile. 

Prevention 

Sadly, Egypt doesn't have a lot of preventions for their country. With every hazard I've researched in Egypt, I have found very little in what they do to prevent things from happening. Or even to help prepare for a natural disaster or hazard. It kind of makes me sad that they haven't really found anything to help everyone out in their country. But, I do hope that in time, they find something to help with their preventions of the hazards. They need to have safety for the people in their country, and to help global warming. This is what is causing all of this coastal rising, even if people don't think global warming is a thing. 

Sources: 

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19475705.2013.845115

http://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/3/3/591/htm

Extreme Weather

Extreme weather includes unexpected, unusual, and unpredictable severe and unseasonal weather; weather at the extremes of the historical distribution; the range that has been seen in the past.

Heat Waves/Dust Storms

Back in 2015, Egypt was hit with a huge and dangerous heat wave that they weren't really expecting. From this extreme heat wave that came, it caused a lot of wind to occur, blowing lots of dust around which caused a lot of dust storms. "The heat is being caused by a ridge of high pressure that is sitting over the region in advance of a trough of low pressure that is that is deepening across Europe... (Adam Douty)." The weather was ranging between 110 degrees F to 113 degrees F. The wind speed recorded was to hit at least 40 mph, which was causing the dust to impact all over the cities. Egypt is very well know when it comes to dust storms since of the extreme wind blown through the country. Sadly, there has been many deaths from the dust storms and as well from heat waves. A lot of people are rusted to the hospital because of breathing problems from the dust that has come into their city and homes. 

Thunderstorms/Rainfall

From what I found, there's not a ton of thunderstorms in Egypt, but this one they had did end up killed six people. Five died from a electrocution, from a cable that had fell from the severe rain that happened. The sixth person died from being trapped in his car, and he drowned when his car filled up with water. With not a lot of storms, the people were so shocked when huge sizes of hail came down from the sky.

Common Weather

Summer's are very dry and hot, with it being very humid. Egypt does have a lot of extreme weather, but not a lot of different kinds. They experience a lot of dust storms from what I could find. A lot of Egypt has tons of dust, and with their wind patterns it's just very likely for them to have so many dust storms. It's said that their winters have occasional rain, but it's usually just bright and sunny with very cold nights. 

Sources:

http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/dangerous-heat-returns-to-mide/47632861

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_weather

http://www.timesofisrael.com/6-dead-in-egypt-as-severe-weather-sweeps-mideast/

http://www.ask-aladdin.com/Egypt-Travel-Tips/Egypt-Weather.htm

Mass Wasting Hazards

Mass Wasting is also known as slope movement or mass movement, is the geomorphic process by which soil, sand, regolith, and rock move downslope typically as a mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water and water content as in submarine environments and mudflows. 

Mass Wasting in Egypt

Mass wasting or better known as landslides is definitely a thing that happens in Egypt. A big landslide that happened was back in 2088 in Cairo, Egypt. I'm not sure how many were killed because two different websites say different numbers. But, the numbers range between 23 killed to 119. Boulders as much as 70 tons came sliding down to this neighborhood, flattening many homes people lived in. Hundreds of people were homeless, still living near the site even though the government said they would find them homes to live in. Anyway, there are a lot of flooding that happens in Egypt, which happens to form a lot of landslides/mass wasting. 

Prevention of Mass Wasting

For as many landslides Egypt has, they don't have any preventions that help them prepare for the hazard. So many people have been killed from just the 2008 mass wasting alone, they should have something to help with all the destruction. It is good that the government is willing to put up homes for everyone in Cairo. Even if they didn't want to leave their homes and wanted to be close. But, I still think that Egypt should come up with something to help with the mass wasting hazard just to keep everyone safe. 

Sources: 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Cairo_landslide

http://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-landslide-idUSL629496520080906

Volcanos 

Volcanos in Egypt 

From what I researched I couldn't really find anything that related to volcanoes in Egypt. From what you can see in these pictures are mountains with the black stops. They are said to have represented volcano's in a way with the high peaks, and the desert surrounding it. This desert is called Egypt's Black Desert, with the high mountains, black rocks topping it and the beige/orange sand surrounding all the "volcanos." So as you can see, there definitely isn't any volcano's in Egypt that anyone has to worry about. The people of Egypt don't have to take any precautions when it comes to them because of the lack of volcanos.

Northern Coast of Sinai 

This volcano Sinai is the closest to Egypt, I believe. But this volcano does have to do a little bit with Egypt. Egyptian archaeologist said they have found traces of solidified lava that dates back to 1500 B.C. This is to have said to have buried Egyptian settlements by a massive volcanic eruption. Two different things have been said about how the eruption made its way to Egypt. Scientist have said that the wind travelled the ash all the way over, about 700 miles. Others have had said that maybe there was a tsunami like way of lava that made it's way to Egypt killing/destroying the settlements and people. Then there are the people who believe that that's impossible for it to happen. They believe that it came over through the regular ocean currents. 

Sources: 

http://www.egypt-cairo.com/black_desert/black_desert.html

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/04/070402-egypt-volcano.html

Seismicity in Egypt

Earthquakes

Egypt is located on the northeastern of the African Continent. The study of earthquakes activity and seismic hazards assessment of Egypt is very important due to the great and rapid spreading of large investments in national projects, especially the nuclear power plant that will be held in the northern part of Egypt ( Science Direct ). Even though Egypt has low seismicity, it has had damaging earthquake effects in it's history. Egypt is affected by earthquakes along the major tectonic plate structure. Egypt is a geologically active region, and seismic activity occurs. Although earthquakes are rare, damage can be severe, especially to older buildings due to lax building codes and shoddy structure. The last major earthquake that resulted in damage was in 1996 ( Safety Report ).

Precautions Made 

Earthquakes are very rare when it comes to living in Egypt. From what I tried to research, I couldn't find any precautions that they need to take for earthquakes. If they had any earthquakes, they were very small and didn't do much damage. Although, Egypt has one of the biggest earthquakes of all times in Alexandria, Egypt  in 365 A.D. Thousands and thousands of people died, and even threw ships miles back into inland ( Donna Dickens ). But earthquakes aren't a big thing in Egypt so they don't take as many precautions as other places.

Hazards

Natural hazards are natural occurring event that can harm the environment and people. Even though people don't think they have anything to do with hazards, they do play a bit of a role in it. "For example, when the toe of a landslide is removed to make room for settlement, the earth can move again and bury the settlement ( Oxford University Press )." Many homes and lives are taken from the natural hazards that break upon the world. Some of the natural hazards that can occur without warning are earthquakes, landslides, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, and others. Although natural hazards occur all the time, scientist are finding it easier to predict when it's going to happen and warn people in advance. It's a way so that people can get to safety or leave town in a moments time.

Disasters

Natural disasters are extreme and sudden events caused by environmental that can injure people and damage homes/towns. So much horrible things can happen when a natural disasters hits a town. People's homes are immediately taken away from them, and there's no place for them to call home anymore. Thousands of people are left homeless, and thousands of people are left without their jobs. When natural disasters hit, there are millions of dollars left for the city so they can repair their town. Earthquakes are known to be the deadliest of all natural disasters from the amount of damage and lives it takes every time one hits the earth. The deadliest earthquake to happen killed more than 800,000 people in Shansi, China on January 23, 1556. Hopefully with today's technology, earthquakes can be predicted before so many lives are taken. 

Catastrophes 

Catastrophes are the most costly and longer recovery time in the state of a disaster. It can take up to years and years for a whole town to rebuild itself which in result takes up an existential amount of money to recover. With catastrophes it hurts the world economically from all the amount of money that needs to go into starting these towns/cities back up to what they were before. That's why they have so many charities that have to deal with putting places back together when a disaster happens.